Food safety essentials

Food Safety Resources

Whether you are sharing a home-cooked meal or storing leftovers, these guidelines help keep food safe, fresh, and delicious. When in doubt, throw it out.

Safe internal temperatures

Use a food thermometer to check the thickest part of the meat. Color alone is not a reliable indicator of doneness.

Beef, pork, lamb (steaks, roasts, chops)145°F (63°C)
Ground beef, pork, lamb160°F (71°C)
Poultry (whole, parts, ground)165°F (74°C)
Fish & shellfish145°F (63°C)
Egg dishes, casseroles160°F (71°C)
Leftovers & reheated foods165°F (74°C)
Ham (raw)145°F (63°C)
Ham (pre-cooked, reheated)140°F (60°C)

Let steaks and roasts rest at least 3 minutes after cooking before slicing. Source: USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service.

Refrigerator & freezer storage

Keep your refrigerator at or below 40°F (4°C) and your freezer at 0°F (-18°C). Use appliance thermometers to verify.

Refrigerator (40°F or below)

  • Raw poultry: 1–2 days
  • Raw ground meat: 1–2 days
  • Raw steaks, roasts, chops: 3–5 days
  • Cooked meat, poultry, fish: 3–4 days
  • Soups & stews: 3–4 days
  • Egg salads, tuna salads: 3–5 days
  • Leftover pizza: 3–4 days

Freezer (0°F or below)

  • Raw poultry (whole): 1 year
  • Raw poultry (parts): 9 months
  • Raw ground meat: 3–4 months
  • Raw steaks, roasts: 4–12 months
  • Cooked meat, poultry: 2–6 months
  • Soups & stews: 2–3 months
  • Casseroles: 2–3 months

The danger zone

Bacteria grow rapidly between 40°F (4°C) and 140°F (60°C). This range is called the "Danger Zone." Never leave perishable food out at room temperature for more than 2 hours — or1 hour if the temperature is above 90°F (32°C).

  • Refrigerate leftovers within 2 hours of cooking.
  • Thaw frozen food in the refrigerator, cold water, or microwave — never on the counter.
  • Keep hot foods hot (above 140°F) and cold foods cold (below 40°F) when serving buffet-style.

Safe handling basics

  • Wash hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds before and after handling food.
  • Separate raw and cooked foods — use different cutting boards and utensils.
  • Marinate in the refrigerator, not on the counter.
  • Don't rinse raw meat or poultry — it spreads bacteria around your sink.
  • Clean surfaces with hot, soapy water after preparing raw meat.

Fruits, vegetables & produce

  • Wash all produce under running water before peeling, cutting, or eating — even if you plan to peel it.
  • Refrigerate cut produce within 2 hours.
  • Store herbs like flowers: trim stems and place in a glass of water, or wrap in a damp paper towel in a bag.
  • Keep onions, potatoes, and garlic in a cool, dry, dark place — not the refrigerator.
  • Tomatoes ripen best at room temperature; refrigerate only once fully ripe if needed.

When to throw it out

If you are unsure how long something has been stored, follow the mantra: "When in doubt, throw it out."

  • Food left out overnight at room temperature.
  • Any food with an off smell, unusual texture, or visible mold (except hard cheese — cut 1 inch around and below the mold).
  • Cans that are bulging, leaking, or deeply dented at the seam.
  • Leftovers in the fridge longer than 3–4 days.
  • Defrosted food that sat at room temperature for more than 2 hours.

Allergen cross-contact

For people with food allergies, even trace amounts can be dangerous. If you are sharing food on SharePlates, be meticulous about ingredient lists and cross-contact.

  • Label every ingredient, including oils, butter, spices, broths, and garnishes.
  • Clean all surfaces, utensils, and cookware thoroughly between allergen-containing and allergen-free dishes.
  • Use separate cutting boards for nuts, shellfish, and gluten-containing ingredients.
  • Be honest about your kitchen environment — do you have pets? Is it a shared kitchen?

Learn more

These guidelines are based on USDA and FDA recommendations. For the latest detailed guidance, visit: